An Exploratory Study of Economic Factors That Hinder Economic Development of Kurdistan Region

Authors

  • Karwan Hushyar Sherwani Business and Management Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Waqar Ahmed Business and Management Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v10i1p82

Keywords:

Economics Factors, Economics Development, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract

Over the past decade, Kurdistan Region of Iraq has made countless progress in many areas. However, these areas require significant flexibility to meet the local needs and the region is highly dependent on oil and gas resources. In the first quarter of 2020, the new cabinet submitted a bill to parliament to diversify the economy system of different sectors like, oil and gas, agriculture, construction, natural resources, ICT, Tourism, Trade, Manufacture units, Banking, Education, Handicraft Oil & Gas, transportation, FMCG, Higher Education & Scientific Affairs, Health, Social Affairs, Housing & Road Sector, Youth and Culture Sectors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that hinder economic developments in Kurdistan region. The factors that play an important role in economic development of country/region which consists of poverty, infrastructure, transportation, trade and many other factors. The study is based on exploratory research and used secondary data to explore the factors that hinder the economic development in Kurdistan Region. Moreover, the factors in economics development contributes to the improvement of Kurdistan region development, and what policy recommendations can be made to create a resolution of hindrances. This paper argued that Kurdistan region’s economy is heavily dependent on economic factors, and current revenue is not sufficient and effective for the economic factors of the economy to diversify the income in long run and which creates economic development hindrances based on the contribution of factors to the economy of the Kurdistan region.

References

Abdulla, H.M., & Sherwani, K.H. (2017). A Swot Analysis of Readiness for E-Government: As a Case of Kurdistan Regional Government. International Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 66-72.

Aldroubi, M. (2022). First pomegranates from the Kurdistan region of Iraq appear on shelves in UAE. Retrieved

January 10, 2022. https://thenationalnews.com/mena/2022/12/14/first-pomegranates-from-the-kurdistan-region-of-iraq-appear-on-shelves-in-uae

Al-Mihya SNA (2017). The Economic Crisis in Kurdistan Region and its Impact on Foreign Investment. Int J Econ Manag Sci, 6, 453. doi: 10.4172/2162-6359.1000453

Alnasrawi, A. (1994). The economy of Iraq, Oil, wars, Destruction of Development and prospects (First ed.). Westport: Greenwood Press.

Arabglot. (2011). Does oil hinder economic development in the Middle East? Retrieved May 5, 2013, from https://arabglot.com/2011/04/does-oil-hinder-economic-development-in.html

Bartik, J. T. (1994). Jobs, Productivity and local economic development. National Tax, 47(4), 847- 61.

Bartnick, A. (2017). Obstacles and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship in Iraq & The Kurdistan Region. Hawler: Institute of Regional and International Studies (IRIS).

Barwari, D. (2009). Kurdistan’s Economy: Its potential and its challenges. Kurdish Herald, 1(5).

Bogaards, M. (2021) Iraq’s Constitution of 2005: The Case Against Consociationalism ‘Light’, Ethnopolitics, 20:2, 186-202, DOI: 10.1080/17449057.2019.1654200

Coi, E. (2020). Easo country of origin information report Iraq; Key Socio-Economic Indicators. Baghdad:European Asylum Support Office.

Dixit, P., & Rzgar, R. (2019). Diversification of Economy – An Insight into Economic Development with Special Reference to Kurdistan’s Oil Economy and Agriculture Economy. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 85(1), 395-404.

Erbil Chamber. (2013). A German project for Economic Development in Kurdistan. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from https://erbilchamber.org/en/news/item/7931-a-german-project-for-economic-development-in-kurdistan.html

Erbil Chamber. (2013). A delegation of Economic Development Council of Western Kurdistan visited the Chamber. Erbil Chamber of Commerce & Industry. https://erbilchamber.org/en/news/item/7845-a-delegation-of-economic-development-council-of-western-kurdistan-visited-the-chamber.html

Fettah, Z. (2009). The KRG’s economic development strategy. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from https://krg.org/a/d.aspx?l=12&s=03010800&r=145&a=18617&s=01000011

Gunter, M. M. (2011). Economic Opportunities in Iraqi Kurdistan. Wiley-Blackwell, XVIII (2), 102-109.

Habib, M. A., & Shahab, S. A. (2019). AL-Anbar University Journal of Economic and Administration Sciences, 11(25), 557-576.

Hamid, T. (2012). Corruption and cronyism hinder Kurdistan. Erbil: Financial Times.

Hassan, Z. F. (2022). Evaluating the Practice level of University Governance Principles at the University of Nawroz: An academician’s perspective. University of Duhok, 25(1), 13-23. doi:https://doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2022.25.1.2

Heshmati, A. (2011). Realities of Economic Development in the Federal Region of Kurdistan. World Kurdish Congress 2011.

Heshmati, A., &Tausch, A. (2007). Roadmap to Bangalore, Globalization, the EU’s lisbon process and the structures of Global Inequality (1st ed.). New York: Nova Science.

Heshmati, Almas; Auzer, Khazal. (2018). The Role of Natural Resources in Kurdistan Regional Government’s Economic Development. UKH Journal of social Scineces(4).12

Institute, M. E. (2016). Addressing Structural Weaknesses of the Kurdistan Region’s Econom. Erbil: The Middle East Research Institute.

Izady, M. R. (1992). The Kurds, A concise handbook. Cambridge: Harvard University.

Jayasinghe, M. (2022). Poverty, Food Consumption, and Economic Development (First ed.). Washington:347 / 121.

Karim, N. M. (2010). The impacts of global economic crisis on Iraq and Kurdistan region, a conference by FidadainGardi the member of Erbil industrial Chamber. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from https://econumic.blogfa.com/8911.aspx

Khailany, A. (2012). The Road to Achieve Kurdish National right is through unity. North America: KNC.

Kochar, E. R. (2013). Current factors that hinder Kurdistan economy.

KRG. (2006). The infrastructure Economy of Kurdistan. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from https://krg.org/a/d.aspx?a=9462&l=13&r=80&s=010000

Kurdistan Economic. (2008). Investment an economical index to Kurdistan. Kurdistan Economic (4).

K24. (2022). Iraqi premier to raise Iraqi dinar value. Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. K 24 News. https://kurdistan24.net/en/story/29853-Iraqi-premier-to-raise-Iraqi-dinar-value.

Marcopolis. (2012). Kurdistan Oil companies, List of companies in Kurdistan. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from https://marcopolis.net/kurdistan-oithe l-companies-list-of-oil-companies-in-kurdistan.htm

Shilani, M. (2022). Germany forms investment team with Kurdistan Region. Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Mustafa. S. (2022). Germany-forms-investment-team-with-Kurdistan-Region. K24 News. https://kurdistan24.net/en/story/27671-Germany-forms-investment-team-with-Kurdistan-Region

Sankar, M., & Wong, K. (2003). Factors that Hinder/help community economic development.

Sind, A. O., (2013). Kurdistan Region of Iraq 2020: A Vision for the Future, Erbil: Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2009). Economic Development (10th ed.). Essex: Pearson.

Zanear Jabbar Rashid Sali, D. E. (2020). Development obstacles of the Private sector in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Critical Reviews, 17(7), 675-684.

Downloads

Published

12.02.2023

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Sherwani, K. H., & Ahmed, W. (2023). An Exploratory Study of Economic Factors That Hinder Economic Development of Kurdistan Region. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 10(1), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v10i1p82

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1-10 of 505

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.