Assessment of Time Management Practices and Students’ Academic Achievement: The Moderating Role of Gender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i4p171Keywords:
Academic Achievement, Coe, Long-Range Planning, Short-Range Planning, Time Attitudes, Time ManagementAbstract
Quality time management is an imperative tool that leads to greater academic performance and reduces depression, anxiety and stress among students. However, most college students seemed to face difficulties in balancing their academic and social life. The rationale of this inquiry was to examine the influence of time management practices on students’ academic achievement in the Colleges of Education (CoE) in Ghana and as well to explore the moderating role of gender in this relationship. The research employed descriptive survey design and a sample of 325 students from six CoE were selected to participate in the investigation using the multistage sampling approach. The data was collected using adapted Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ; Britton & Tesser, 1991). Data gathered were analysed using AMOS, Moderation Analysis and Independent sample t-test. The findings showed that time management practices (short-range planning, time attitudes, long-range planning) does not predict academic achievement of CoE students. The study again, revealed that gender does not moderate the relationship between time management and academic achievement of the students. The results showed that there was no significance gender difference in time management practices of CoE students. The study concluded that ineffective time management behaviours among college students could lead to poor academic achievement and other psychological effects. The Management of the CoEs in Ghana in collaboration with other policy makers should hold seminars and workshops for students at the start of each semester to discuss the value of good time management activities in order to improve their achievement. Faculty are sensitised to inculcate in the students the skills and positive attitude towards effective time management so as to increase their self-efficacy in time management. Students should be conscious of ineffective time drivers and assume responsibility for quality time management.
References
Adams, R. V., & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of time management behaviours on undergraduate engineering students’ performance. SAGE Open, 9(1), 1-11.
Aduke, A. F. (2015). Time management and students’ academic performance in higher institutions, Nigeria: A case study of Ekiti State. International Research in Education, 3(2), 1-12.
Aeon, B., & Aguinis, H. (2017). It’s about time: New perspectives and insights on time management. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31, 309-330.
Al Khatib, A. S. (2014). Time management and its relation to students’ stress, gender and academic achievement among sample of students at Al Ain University of Science and Technology, UAE. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 4(5), 47-58.
Alavifar, A., Karimimalayer, M., & Anuar, M. K. (2012). Structural equation modeling vs multiple regression. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2(2), 326-329.
Alay, S., & Koçak, S. (2003). Relationship between time management and academic achievement of university students. Theory and Practice of Educational Management Magazine, 35, 326-335.
Alghaswyneh, O. F. M., & Basri, W. S. (2015). The role of time management and its impact on students’ academic achievement: A case (Students at Northern Borders University). International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 136, 117-125.
Ali, S., Haider, Z., Munir, F., Khan, H., & Ahmed, A. (2013). Factors contributing to the students’ academic performance: A case study of Islamia University Sub-Campus. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 283-289.
Alyami, A., Abdulwahed, A., Azhar, A., Binsaddik, A., & Bafaraj, S. M. (2021). Impact of time-management on the student’s academic performance: A cross-sectional study. Creative Education, 12, 471-485
Amedahe, F. K. (2002). Notes on educational research. Unpublished lecture notes, University of Cape Coast.
Balduf, M. (2009). Underachievement among college students. Journal of Advanced Academics, 20, 274-294.
Bratti, M., & Staffolani, S. (2013). Student time allocation and educational production functions. Annals of Economics and Statistics, 111/112, 103-140.
Britton, B. K., & Tesser, A. (1991). Effects of time-management practices on college grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 405-410
Cemaloğlu, N., & Filiz, S. (2010). The relation between time management skills and academic achievement of potential teachers. Educational Research Quarterly, 33(4), 3-23
Chaturvedi, A. (2016). Impact of time management on the academic growth of students in universities, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering Science & Advanced Research, 2(4), 7-9.
Claessens, B. J. C, van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2007). A review of the time management literature. Personnel Review, 36(2), 255-276.
Claessens, B. J. C., van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R.A. (2004). Planning behavior and perceived control of time at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 937-50.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed). London: Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Boston: Pearson Publication.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach. Los Angeles: Sage.
Erdem, R. (1999). Yöneticiler İçin Zaman Yönetimi. Modern Hastane Yönetimi, 3(7), 26-31.
Gay, C., & Tate, K. (1998). Doubly bound: The impact of gender and race on the politics of black women. Political Psychology, 19(1), 169-184.
Gayef, A., Tapan, B., & Sur, H. (2017). Relationship between time management skills and academic achievement of the students in vocational school of health services. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 20(2), 247-257
Ghiasvand, A. M., Naderi, M., Tafreshi, M. Z., Ahmadi, F., & Hosseini, M. (2017). Relationship between time management skills and anxiety and academic motivation of nursing students in Tehran. Electronic Physician, 9(1), 3678–3684.
Gill, J., Johnson, P. & Clark. M. (2010). Research methods for managers. Washington DC: Sage Publications
Grave, B. S. (2011). The effect of student time allocation on academic achievement. Education Economics, 19(3), 291-310.
Gupta, D., & Chitkara, S. (2018). Effect of time management on academic performance of management students. Global Journal on Recent Advancement in Business Forecasting and Marketing Intelligence, 2, 1-14.
Hardy, L. (2003). Helping students de-stress. Education Digest, 68(9), 10-17.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed). New York: The Guilford Press.
İşcan, S. (2008). Pamukkale Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin zaman yönetimi becerilerinin akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Denizli.
Jenaabadi, H., Nastiezaie, N., & Jalalzaei, S. (2016). The effect of time management training on student’s test anxiety. Journal of Nursing Education, 5, 12-22.
Kaushar, M. (2013). Study of impact of time management on academic performance of college students. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 9(6), 59-60.
Kearns, H., & Gardiner, M. (2007). Is it time well spent? The relationship between time management behaviours, perceived effectiveness and work-related morale and distress in a university context. High Education Research & Development, 26, 235-247.
Khan, M. J., Ashraf, A., & Nadeem, A. (2020). The effect of time management on the academic performance of students in the higher education of Islamabad. International Review of Management and Business Research, 9(3), 202-211
Khanam, N., Sahu, T., Rao, E., Kar, S., & Quazi, S. (2017). A study on university student’s time management and academic achievement. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 4(12), 4761-4765.
Kharadze, N., Gulua, E., & Davit, D. (2017). Free-time management among master’s degree students of Georgia. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 4, 24-33.
Lay, C. H., & Schouwenburg, H. C. (1993). Trait procrastination, time management, and academic behavior. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 647-662.
Macan, T. H., Shahani, C., Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990). College students’ time management: Correlations with academic performance and stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 760-768.
MacMillan, S. (2009). Towards an existential approach to the meaning of work. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax.
Mercanlıoglu, Ç. (2010). The relationship of time management to academic performance of master level students. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(1), 25-36.
Misra, R., & McKean, M. (2000). College students’ academic stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies, 16, 41-51.
Nadinloyi, K. B., Hajloo, N., Garamaleki, N. S., & Sadeghi, H. (2013). The study efficacy of time management training on increases academic time management of students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 134-138.
Nasrullah, S., & Khan, M. S. (2015). The impact of time management on the students’ academic achievements. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguitsics, 11, 66-71
Nayak, S. G. (2019). Impact of procrastination and time-management on academic stress among undergraduate nursing students: A cross sectional study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 12, 1480-1486.
Nieuwoudt, J. E., & Brickhill, M. (2017). Time management and attitude towards science as predictors of academic success in an enabling science subject: A preliminary exploratory study. National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA). Southern Cross University.
Nonis, S. A., Hudson, G.I., Logan, L.B., & Ford, C.W. (1998). Influence of perceived control over time on college students’ stress and stress-related outcomes. Research in Higher Education. 39(5), 587-605.
Nzewi, H., Chiekezie, O., & Ikon, M. A. (2012). Time management and academic performance of postgraduate students in Nigerian Universities. Review of Public Administration & Management, 1(2), 180-192.
Ogundipe, M. A., & Falade, O. A. (2014). Student-teacher perception of time allocation and academic achievement in Tai Solarin University of Education. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(1), 65-70.
Olubor, R. O., & Osunde, U. A. (2007). Analysis of personal study time and leisure among university undergraduates in southern Nigeria. College Student Journal, 41(2), 352-365
Pehlivan, A. (2013). The effect of the time management skills of students taking a financial accounting course on their course grades and grade point averages. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(5), 196-203
Pugh, C. M., & Nathwani, J. N. (2017). Time management. In Success in Academic Surgery (pp. 187-199). Cham: Springer.
Rabin, L. A., Fogel, J., & Nutter-Upham, K. E. (2011). Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self-reported executive function. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3) 344-357.
Razali, S. N. A. M., Rusiman, M. S., Gan, W. S., & Arbin, N. (2018). The impact of time management on students’ academic achievement. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 995, No. 1, p. 012042). ISMAP: IOP Publishing.
Sadker, D., & Zittleman, K. (2015). Teachers, schools, and society: A brief introduction to education (4th ed). London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Saketi, P., & Taheri, A. (2010). The relationship between time management and academic achievements among bachelor and master students of Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 10(3), 293-300.
Sauvé, L., Fortin, A., Viger, C., & Landry, F. (2016). Ineffective learning strategies: A significant barrier to post-secondary perseverance. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(2), 1-18.
Savino, D. M. (2016). Frederick Winslow Taylor and his lasting legacy of functional leadership competence. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 13(1), 70-76
Sayari, K., Jalagat, R., & Dalluay, V. (2017). Assessing the relationship of time management and academic performance of the business students in Al-Zahra College for Women. European Business & Management, 3, 1-8.
Scherer, S., Talley, C. P., & Fife, J. E. (2017). How personal factors influence academic behavior and GPA in African American STEM students. SAGE Open, 7, 1-14.
Seo, E. (2012). Cramming, active procrastination and academic achievement. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 40, 1333-1340.
Swart, A. J., Lombard, K., & Jager, H. (2010). Exploring the relationship between time management skills and the academic achievement of African engineering students: A case study. European Journal of Engineering Education, 35(1), 79-89.
Tanriogen, A., & Iscan, S. (2009). Time management skills of Pamukkale University students and their effects on academic achievement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 35, 93-108.
Tsitsia, B., Afenu, D., Kabbah, S., Attigah, A., & Bimpeh, G. (2021). Effective time management practices among colleges of education students. Journal of Human Resource and Leadership, 6(1), 1-10.
van der Meer, J., Jansen, E., & Torenbeek, M. (2010). It’s almost a mindset that teachers need to change: first‐year students’ need to be inducted into time management. Studies in Higher Education, 35(7), 777-791.
Wang, W., Kao, C., Huan, T., & Wu, C. (2011). Free time management contributes to better quality of life: A study of undergraduate students in Taiwan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(4), 561-573.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies
International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies applies the
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic Licence (CC BY-NC 2.0)
