An Empirical Analysis of Ethical Values and Norms-Variances based on Education and Gender on Justification of Violence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v8i4p298Keywords:
Ethical Values and Norms, Gender, Education, Variance, ViolenceAbstract
Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what is just, what is unjust, what is good, and what is bad in terms of a person’s behavior. Do ethical values differ based on gender? Do the ethical values differ based on education and age? The objective of this paper is to explore variances based on the factors of gender and education on the three ethical variables namely, ‘Justifiable a man beating his wife’, ‘Justifiable Parents beating their children’, and Justifiable violence against others’. The paper uses the primary data collected from the seventh wave of the world values survey especially taking the data (N=1200) of Iraq. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test are run to explore the variances based on gender and education respectively. The finding includes that there is significant variation exists between males and females and based on education. Another finding is for all categories of education (lower, middle, and higher), the mean values of the female are higher than the male which means that for females regardless of their education level ‘parents beating children’ is more justifiable than for males. The paper suggests some recommendations based on the findings.
References
Ackerson, L. K., Kawachi, I., Barbeau, E. M., & Subramanian, S. (2008). Effects of individual and proximate educational context on intimate partner violence: A population-based study of women in India. American journal of public health, 98(3), 507-514.
Aïvanhov, O. M. (2013). Education begins before birth. Editions Prosveta.
Baker, L., & Cunningham, A. (2009). Inter-parental violence: The pre-schooler’s perspective and the educator’s role. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37(3), 199-207.
Chowdhury, M. (2018). Emphasizing morals, values, ethics, and character education in science education and science teaching. MOJES: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 1-16.
Churchill, L. R. (1982). The teaching of ethics and moral values in teaching: Some contemporary confusions. The Journal of Higher Education, 53(3), 296-306.
Ćurko, B., Feiner, F., Gerjolj, S., Juhant, J., Kreß, K., Mazzoni, V., . . . Strahovnik, V. (2015). Ethics and values education–Manual for teachers and educators. Ethica Project.
DeBoard-Lucas, R. L., & Grych, J. H. (2011). Children’s perceptions of intimate partner violence: Causes, consequences, and coping. Journal of Family Violence, 26(5), 343-354.
Derryberry, W. P., & Thoma, S. J. (2000). The friendship effect: Its role in the development of moral thinking in students. About Campus, 5(2), 13-18.
Gilman, S. C. (2005). Ethics codes and codes of conduct as tools for promoting an ethical and professional public service: Comparative successes and lessons. Prepared for the PREM, the World Bank.
Goolsby, J. R., & Hunt, S. D. (1992). Cognitive moral development and marketing. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 55-68.
Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., & Diez-Medrano, J. M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al.(eds.). 2020. World Values Survey: Round Seven-Country-Pooled Datafile.
Jaghannath, K. (2016). Ethics and values: The need for student awareness of workplace value systems. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 4(3).
Kovac, J. (1996). Scientific ethics in chemical education. Journal of Chemical Education, 73(10), 926.
Lin, C.-Y. (2009). Multicultural experiences and moral development: An empirical study of purchasing managers. Social Behavior and Personality, 37(7), 889.
Lindgren, C. E., & Blount La Wanna, L. (2011). Ethical values in education and society. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education (1-2), 65-76.
Lloyd, M. (2018). Domestic violence and education: Examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2094.
Lumen. (2021). Ethics, an Overview. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/ethics-an-overview/
McGavin, P. (2013). Conversing on ethics, morality and education. Journal of Moral Education, 42(4), 494-511.
McNeel, S. P. (1994). College teaching and student moral development. Moral development in the professions: Psychology and Applied Ethics, 27, 49.
Naagarazan, R. (2007). A textbook on professional ethics and human values. New Age International.
O’Flaherty, J., & Gleeson, J. (2017). Irish student teachers’ levels of moral reasoning: context, comparisons, and contributing influences. Teachers and Teaching, 23(1), 59-77.
Organization, W. H. (2021). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women.
Osbeck, C., Franck, O., Lilja, A., & Sporre, K. (2018). Possible competences to be aimed at in ethics education–Ethical competences highlighted in educational research journals. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 39(2), 195-208.
Peled, E., & Gil, I. B. (2011). The mothering perceptions of women abused by their partner. Violence against Women, 17(4), 457-479.
Pels, T., Lünnemann, K., & Steketee, M. (2011). Opvoeden na partnergeweld. Assen: Van Gorcum, 46-50.
Roustit, C., Renahy, E., Guernec, G., Lesieur, S., Parizot, I., & Chauvin, P. (2009). Exposure to interparental violence and psychosocial maladjustment in the adult life course: advocacy for early prevention. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(7), 563-568.
Shiraz, M. S. (2016). The impact of education and occupation on domestic violence in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Social Welfare, 25(4), 339-346.
Singh, N. U., Roy, A., Tripathi, A., Test, C.-s., Test, B., Test, O.-S. K.-S., . . . Kendall’s, W. (2013). Non Parametric Tests: Hands on SPSS. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya.
Solanke, B. L. (2018). Does exposure to interparental violence increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence? Evidence from Nigeria demographic and health survey. BMC international health and human rights, 18(1), 1-13.
Sparks, J. R. (1995). Professional ethical sensitivity: The case of marketing researchers. Texas Tech University.
Statistics, L. (2015). Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS statistics. Statistical tutorials and software guides.
Sultana Begum, W. A. (2021). Economic values and gender variance – An empirical analysis. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), 12, (8), 4224-4233.
Sunar, O. B., & Tabancali, E. (2012). Ethic behaviours of school’s administrations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2457-2461.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational StudiesInternational Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies applies the
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic Licence (CC BY-NC 2.0)